growth differentiation factor-6

Growth differentiation factor-6 (GDF-6), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 13 (BMP-13), is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and the BMP subfamily. It plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of the skeletal system, particularly in the formation of joints, tendons, and the intervertebral disc (IVD). GDF-6 functions by binding to specific BMP receptors, primarily BMPR1B, thereby activating the Smad signaling pathway to regulate the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix production, such as aggrecan and type II collagen. In therapeutic contexts, recombinant GDF-6 is being investigated for its potential to treat intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) by promoting disc regeneration, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (like TNF-α and IL-1β), and alleviating discogenic pain. It is also utilized in regenerative medicine to induce the tenogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for tendon repair, such as in Achilles tendon injuries.

Other names

Growth differentiation factor 6Bone morphogenetic protein 13Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 2rhGDF-6rhGDF6rhGDF 6