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Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction (GLXBBXD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula composed of *Trichosanthes kirilowii* (Gualou), *Allium macrostemon* (Xiebai), and *Pinellia ternata* (Banxia). It is a classic prescription originating from the "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber" used for treating "chest bi" (chest painful obstruction), which corresponds to modern cardiovascular conditions such as angina pectoris and atherosclerosis. The decoction is traditionally prepared with rice wine and is thought to work by unblocking the heart yang, resolving phlegm, and dispersing nodules. Modern pharmacological research suggests that GLXBBXD exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and lipid-regulating effects, potentially through the modulation of the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. It is currently being investigated for its clinical efficacy in treating carotid artery atherosclerosis, particularly in patients presenting with phlegm stagnation and blood stasis syndromes.
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