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Guanfacine is a selective alpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, as well as hypertension. It works by activating alpha-2A-adrenoceptors within the central nervous system, leading to reduced sympathetic outflow and lower blood pressure. In ADHD, guanfacine is believed to enhance prefrontal cortex function by stimulating post-synaptic alpha-2A-adrenoceptors on dendritic spines, which improves attention regulation and behavioral inhibition. The drug was first described in 1974 and received FDA approval in 1986[1][3][4][6].
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