HAIC + serplulimab + bevacizumab

This is a combination therapy consisting of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), serplulimab, and bevacizumab. - **HAIC** is a locoregional chemotherapy technique where chemotherapeutic agents are delivered directly into the hepatic artery to treat liver tumors, most commonly hepatocellular carcinoma. - **Serplulimab** is a fully human anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody that blocks the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells, thereby enhancing immune-mediated tumor cell killing. It has demonstrated superior affinity for PD-1 compared to other inhibitors and robustly induces PD-1 receptor endocytosis, leading to sustained T-cell activation and modulation of the tumor microenvironment[1][2][3]. Serplulimab has been approved in China for small cell lung cancer and received positive regulatory opinions in Europe[2][3]. - **Bevacizumab** is a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), inhibiting angiogenesis by preventing VEGF from binding its receptors on endothelial cells. This reduces new blood vessel formation required for tumor growth[6][8][10]. The combination aims to maximize anti-tumor efficacy by combining direct cytotoxic effects (HAIC), immune checkpoint inhibition (serplulimab), and antiangiogenic therapy (bevacizumab).