harmine

Harmine is a naturally occurring β-carboline alkaloid found in several plants, notably *Peganum harmala* (Syrian rue) and *Banisteriopsis caapi*, the latter being a key ingredient in the psychoactive brew ayahuasca. Chemically, it is known as 7-methoxy‑1‑methyl‑β‑carboline. Harmine acts primarily as a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), thereby increasing levels of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine[2][1]. It also inhibits dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) and related kinases[8][1]. Harmine has been studied for its hallucinogenic properties at higher doses and has shown various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antioxidant, neuroprotective effects, and potential antidepressant activity[5][9]. Historically investigated for Parkinson’s disease treatment in the early to mid 20th century[2], it remains an investigational compound with no current regulatory approval for medical use.

Other names

banisterinetelepathineleucoharmineyageineyajeine