Hawthorn red pigment

Hawthorn red pigment is a botanical extract derived from the hawthorn plant (*Crataegus*), currently under investigation by Fujian Cancer Hospital for the management of refractory cancer pain. The extract contains bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins, which are hypothesized to provide analgesic effects or enhance the efficacy of standard analgesics. It is being evaluated in a Phase Ia dose-escalation clinical trial (NCT05561023) as an adjuvant therapy combined with standard analgesic regimens to improve pain control and potentially reduce the side effects associated with high-dose opioid or non-opioid analgesics in cancer patients.