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Heat-killed *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* A2-165 is an inactivated, non-viable form of the A2-165 strain of *F. prausnitzii*, a prominent commensal bacterium in the human gut microbiota. As a postbiotic, it is used in research to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of bacterial structural components independently of active metabolite production (such as butyrate). In studies of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), heat-killed A2-165 has been shown to be non-inflammatory, specifically failing to induce the expression of dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) or the production of hydrogen peroxide in colonic epithelial cells, unlike pathobionts such as adherent invasive *Escherichia coli* (AIEC). This makes it a valuable tool for understanding the differential host responses to commensal versus pathogenic microbes in the gut and exploring the therapeutic potential of bacterial ligands in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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