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High Dose Simplified FOLFIRI is a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of leucovorin (folinic acid), fluorouracil (5-FU), and irinotecan. This specific variant is being investigated by the University Hospital, Ghent, as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer in a multicentre phase II study. The regimen works through multiple mechanisms: irinotecan is a small molecule topoisomerase I inhibitor that prevents DNA replication by stabilizing the cleavable complex between the enzyme and DNA, leading to double-strand breaks; fluorouracil is an antimetabolite that is converted into active metabolites which inhibit thymidylate synthase, thereby interfering with DNA synthesis; and leucovorin (folinic acid) acts as a biochemical modulator that increases the intracellular pool of reduced folates, stabilizing the binding of fluorouracil's active metabolite to thymidylate synthase and significantly enhancing its cytotoxic activity.
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