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HMGB3 shRNA is a short hairpin RNA therapeutic candidate designed to silence the expression of High Mobility Group Box 3 (HMGB3), a chromatin-binding factor primarily expressed in hematopoietic stem cells. In the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), HMGB3 is significantly upregulated across various subtypes and promotes leukemia cell proliferation. By targeting HMGB3 mRNA for degradation, this shRNA-mediated knockdown leads to a reduction in phosphorylated p38/MAPK, ERK1/2, and MEK1/2, effectively downregulating the MAPK signaling pathway. This molecular inhibition results in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and a reduced growth rate in leukemia cells. Research also indicates that HMGB3 localization is redox-sensitive, shifting from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and being secreted under high reactive oxygen species (ROS) conditions typical of leukemia, suggesting both intracellular and extracellular roles in disease progression.
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