hordenine

Hordenine is a naturally occurring phenethylamine alkaloid found in various plants, especially barley (Hordeum species). Structurally, it is the N,N-dimethyl derivative of tyramine, and is biosynthesized by stepwise N-methylation of tyramine. Hordenine is used as an ingredient in some dietary supplements, often promoted as a CNS stimulant or nootropic and for purported fat-burning or weight-loss effects, though these uses lack robust clinical support. Mechanistically, hordenine acts as an indirectly acting adrenergic compound, liberating norepinephrine from stores, and has been shown to function as a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor. Animal studies indicate it increases blood pressure and heart rate at high parenteral doses, though these effects are largely absent with oral administration. Hordenine also inhibits the uptake of various bioamines and has minor antibacterial and antibiotic properties. Human data are limited, and most research is preclinical. It is included in some athletic supplements and pre-workouts, but safety and efficacy in humans are not well established[1][2][3][5][7][8][9].

Other names

hordeninhordeineanhalincactineanhalinehordetinordeninaordenineeremursinN,N-dimethyltyraminepeyocactin4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenolN,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine