hp91

Hp91 is an 18–amino acid immunostimulatory peptide derived from the B-box domain of the endogenous nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), developed as a synthetic peptide adjuvant to enhance subunit vaccine and cancer immunotherapy responses. It directly activates dendritic cells, inducing maturation and secretion of pro‑inflammatory and Th1‑skewing cytokines such as IL‑12, IFN‑γ, TNF‑α, and IL‑6, thereby promoting strong CD8+ T‑cell responses, cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte activity, and, when combined with protein antigens, antigen‑specific antibody production in vivo.[1][2] Hp91 signals independently of Toll‑like receptors 2, 4, and 9 and MyD88, likely via an intracellular receptor, and has been investigated primarily as a vaccine adjuvant for infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy, including within broader immuno‑oncology research programs such as dendritic cell–based cancer vaccines.[1][2][4]

Other names

Hp91Hp-91Hp 91HMGB1-derived immunostimulatory peptide Hp91HMGB-1-derived immunostimulatory peptide Hp91HMGB 1-derived immunostimulatory peptide Hp91