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human glucagon-like peptide-1 + fibroblast growth factor 21 adipose-derived stem cell injection is an innovative gene-modified cell therapy developed by Beijing Jiyuan Biotechnology for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The therapy utilizes human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) that have been genetically engineered to overexpress two key metabolic regulators: human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). GLP-1 acts as an incretin mimetic, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion and promoting pancreatic beta-cell survival, while FGF21 improves insulin sensitivity, regulates lipid metabolism, and reduces hepatic glucose production. By using ADSCs as a delivery vehicle, the therapy aims to provide a sustained release of these therapeutic proteins (a "biopump" effect) while also leveraging the inherent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells to address the underlying pathophysiology of diabetes.
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