humanin-G

Humanin-G (HNG), also known as [Gly14]-humanin, is a highly potent synthetic analog of humanin, a 24-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (MT-RNR2) of the mitochondrial genome. HNG is generated by a single amino acid substitution at position 14, replacing serine with glycine (S14G), which increases its biological potency by up to 1,000-fold compared to native humanin. It acts as a cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic agent through both extracellular and intracellular pathways. Extracellularly, HNG binds to a heterotrimeric receptor complex consisting of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor subunit alpha (CNTFR), interleukin-27 receptor subunit alpha (IL27RA/WSX-1), and interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta (IL6ST/gp130), as well as formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), activating downstream JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT survival cascades. Intracellularly, HNG directly binds to pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, such as BAX and BID, preventing mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and subsequent apoptosis. HNG is widely investigated in preclinical models for its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders (such as Alzheimer's disease), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, type 2 diabetes, and acute kidney disease (AKD).

Other names

Gly14-HumaninGly-14-HumaninGly 14-HumaninHNGS14G-HNGS-14G-HNGS 14G-HNGS14G-humaninS-14G-humaninS 14G-humanin[Gly14]-Humanin G[Gly14]-humaninhumanin G