Hydroquinine

Hydroquinine is a cinchona alkaloid that has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential. It functions as a potent blocker of the human KCNT1B potassium channel, including its F313L mutant, indicating its potential as an anti-epileptic drug for KCNT1 mutation-associated epilepsy. Additionally, hydroquinine exhibits significant antibacterial activity, particularly against multidrug-resistant *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*. Its antibacterial mechanisms include inhibiting bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation by modulating adhesion-related genes and suppressing virulence factors such as flagellar motility and pyocyanin production. It also downregulates genes within the arginine deiminase pathway, which are critical for *P. aeruginosa* survival. Beyond its direct pharmacological effects, hydroquinine has been investigated for enhancing plasmid DNA delivery when incorporated into polymer formulations and serves as a chiral organocatalyst in various asymmetric organic synthesis reactions. It has also been identified as a potential therapeutic candidate for IgA nephropathy.