hydroquinone

Hydroquinone is a small molecule topical depigmenting agent used to lighten areas of hyperpigmented skin such as freckles, age spots (lentigines), melasma (chloasma), and other forms of unwanted melanin hyperpigmentation. It works by temporarily inhibiting the enzymatic conversion of tyrosine to melanin by melanocytes in the skin, thereby reducing pigment production and leading to gradual lightening of darkened areas. Hydroquinone is available in various topical formulations (creams, emulsions) at concentrations typically ranging from 2% to 8%. It is considered the standard treatment for many forms of acquired hyperpigmentation but may cause local side effects such as redness or irritation[1][2][3][4][5][8]. Combination products with corticosteroids and retinoids are sometimes used for enhanced efficacy. The FDA no longer approves OTC hydroquinone creams.

Brand names

Obagi-CEpiQuin MicroKaxmKeidoKexmKutea

Other names

1,4-benzenediol1,4-dihydroxybenzene4-Hydroxyphenolbenzene-1,4-diolp-Benzenediolp-Hydroquinonep-hydroxyphenolQuinol