hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir + ritonavir + azithromycin

This entry refers to the multi-drug standard therapy regimen used as a comparator arm in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT04444271) conducted by BioXcellerator for the treatment of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The regimen consists of hydroxychloroquine (an antimalarial and immunomodulator), the protease inhibitor combination lopinavir/ritonavir, or the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. These agents were repurposed early in the pandemic for their potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties; hydroxychloroquine was thought to inhibit viral entry and Toll-like receptor signaling, while lopinavir/ritonavir was intended to target the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro). Azithromycin was included for its potential synergistic immunomodulatory effects. In the BioXcellerator trial context, this standard therapy was compared against or combined with Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-MSCs) to evaluate safety and efficacy in critically ill patients.

Other names

Standard Therapy (BioXcellerator COVID-19 Trial)