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ICAM-1 CAR T-cells are chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies engineered to target intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed in various aggressive malignancies, including anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers, gastric cancer, glioblastoma, triple-negative breast cancer, and multiple myeloma. By utilizing an affinity-tuned single-chain variable fragment (scFv) or binding domain, these CAR T-cells selectively bind to tumor cells with high ICAM-1 expression while sparing normal tissues with basal expression, thereby minimizing on-target, off-tumor toxicities. Once bound, the CAR T-cells undergo activation and expansion, leading to direct cytotoxicity against the tumor cells and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Some specific constructs, such as AffyImmune's AIC100, also co-express somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) to enable real-time in vivo tracking of the cells via PET/CT imaging.
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