icariin

Icariin is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside isolated primarily from plants of the Epimedium genus, commonly known as Horny Goat Weed. It is a major bioactive constituent in traditional Chinese medicine, used for centuries as an aphrodisiac and for treating erectile dysfunction[1][5]. Icariin acts as a weak phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, enhancing nitric oxide production and cGMP accumulation in smooth muscle cells, which underlies its effects on sexual function[5]. Beyond its use for sexual health, icariin exhibits multiple pharmacological activities including anti-atherosclerotic effects through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, lipid-modulatory actions[3], and has shown potential anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation in various cancer models[6]. Icariin has also been investigated in clinical trials for bipolar disorder and substance abuse disorders. It is widely available over-the-counter globally as a dietary supplement marketed for sexual performance enhancement, athletic performance improvement, memory support, osteoporosis prevention, and other health benefits[2][4][5].

Other names

icarinepimedium extract (when referring to the standardized active component)horny goat weed extract (when referring to the standardized active component)