Ichthammol

Ichthammol, also known as ammonium bituminosulfonate, is a dark, sulfur-rich compound derived from the distillation and sulfonation of oil shale. It is primarily used topically in ointments or bandages for the treatment of various skin disorders such as eczema, psoriasis, boils, minor skin infections (including ingrown toenails), insect bites and stings, plant irritations (e.g., poison ivy), and to help remove splinters[1][2][3][4][5]. Its mechanism of action involves anti-inflammatory effects—partly through inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism—resulting in reduced formation of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes[6]. Additionally, it exhibits antibacterial (bacteriostatic) and antifungal properties[1][5][7], as well as keratoplastic effects that help soften thickened skin[8]. Ichthammol is available over-the-counter in concentrations typically ranging from 10% to 20%, either alone or combined with other agents such as zinc oxide. It has a long history of use in dermatology due to its broad spectrum efficacy and good tolerability.

Brand names

IchthyolIchthopaste

Other names

black ointmentdrawing salvebituminosulfonates