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**il-12-transfected mesenchymal stem cells** are mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) genetically modified to express interleukin-12 (IL-12), a potent immunostimulatory cytokine. These engineered MSCs are designed for local or systemic delivery to tumor sites, leveraging the tumor-homing properties of MSCs and the immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic effects of IL-12. In preclinical models, intratumoral injection of IL-12-transfected MSCs significantly delayed tumor growth, increased immune cell infiltration (notably CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and M1 macrophages), decreased tumor vascularization, and shifted the tumor microenvironment toward an immunostimulatory and anti-angiogenic state[1][2]. The approach aims to maximize the antitumor efficacy of IL-12 while minimizing systemic toxicity, which is a major limitation of free IL-12 therapy[1][2].
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