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IL-18 secreting huCD19.28.z-CAR is an experimental second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy engineered to target human CD19 and constitutively or inducibly secrete the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-18 (IL-18). Developed by researchers including Crystal Mackall at Stanford University, this armored CAR-T is designed to overcome the limitations of conventional CAR-T therapies in solid tumors, such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and heterogeneous antigen expression. The CAR construct utilizes a humanized CD19 binder, a CD28 costimulatory domain, and a CD3-zeta signaling domain. The secretion of IL-18 is intended to reshape the tumor microenvironment by inducing a strong type II interferon response, activating myeloid cells (macrophages and neutrophils), and promoting the clearance of antigen-negative tumor cells through innate immune mechanisms, even when the primary CAR target is absent.
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