imipramine

Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) belonging to the dibenzazepine group, recognized as the first member of the TCA class to be developed. It exerts its therapeutic effects primarily by inhibiting the presynaptic reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) through the blockade of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), respectively. This action increases the concentration of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, facilitating downstream signaling. Beyond its primary transporter targets, imipramine exhibits significant antagonistic activity at various G-protein coupled receptors, including H1 histamine receptors, alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which accounts for its characteristic side effect profile (e.g., sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and anticholinergic effects). Clinically, it is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder and is notably used in the management of nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children. It has also been utilized in the treatment of panic disorder and ADHD.

Brand names

TofranilTofranil-PMAntideprinDeprinolJanimineMelipramineSurplix

Other names

Imipramine hydrochlorideImipramine pamoate