inactivated yellow fever vaccine

Inactivated yellow fever vaccine is a non-replicating, inactivated viral vaccine developed to prevent yellow fever, a potentially fatal mosquito-borne disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flavivirus genus. Unlike the widely used live attenuated 17D-based vaccines (such as YF-VAX and Stamaril), which are contraindicated for certain populations due to risk of serious adverse events, inactivated yellow fever vaccines are designed to be safer for vulnerable groups including infants under 9 months old, elderly individuals over 60 years old, immunosuppressed patients, pregnant women, and nursing mothers[7][9]. The vaccine is produced using Vero cell culture systems and then chemically inactivated (e.g., with hydrogen peroxide or other agents) to ensure that it cannot replicate or cause disease[7][9]. Studies have shown that optimized formulations of inactivated YF vaccines can elicit protective neutralizing antibody responses and provide protection against viral dissemination and lethal infection in animal models[9]. Adjuvants such as aluminum hydroxide and CpG oligonucleotides may be added to enhance immunogenicity[7].