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Indian costus, derived from the roots of *Saussurea lappa* (also known as *Dolomiaea costus*), is a botanical extract used in traditional medicine for its diverse pharmacological properties. In modern clinical research, it is being investigated for its antibacterial potency against dental caries-forming bacteria, particularly *Streptococcus mutans*. The extract contains bioactive sesquiterpene lactones, such as costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, which contribute to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Nahda University has sponsored Phase 4 clinical trials evaluating Indian costus as a herbal mouthwash at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% to reduce bacterial load in children's oral cavities.
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