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Indocyanine green-loaded polymeric nanoparticles are an experimental drug delivery system designed for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of periodontitis. This formulation, investigated by Nada Mahmoud Soliman, utilizes biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles to encapsulate indocyanine green (ICG), a tricarbocyanine dye that acts as a photosensitizer. When applied to periodontal pockets and irradiated with a diode laser (typically 810 nm), the ICG molecules transition to an excited state and transfer energy to molecular oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen. These ROS cause oxidative damage to the cell membranes and DNA of periodontal pathogens, leading to bacterial cell death. The nanoparticle carrier is intended to improve the stability of ICG and enhance its penetration and retention within the subgingival environment compared to free ICG solutions.
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