indocyanine green photodynamic therapy

Indocyanine green photodynamic therapy (ICG-PDT) is a treatment modality that uses the FDA-approved fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) as a photosensitizer in combination with near-infrared light to induce cytotoxic effects in targeted tissues. Upon administration, ICG accumulates preferentially in tumor or abnormal cells. When exposed to near-infrared light (typically around 808 nm), ICG becomes activated and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, which cause direct cellular damage and apoptosis. This process can also trigger immunogenic cell death and enhance antitumor immune responses. The approach has been investigated for various cancers—including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, and other solid tumors—as well as for antimicrobial applications. Formulations such as nanoparticles or liposomes are often used to improve stability and tumor targeting of ICG[2][4][5][6]. ICG-PDT is minimally invasive with reduced systemic toxicity compared to conventional therapies.

Other names

ICG photodynamic therapyindocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapyICG PDT