indomethacin + pantoprazole

Indomethacin + pantoprazole is a fixed-dose combination of two pharmaceutical agents. Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), thereby reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in inflammation, pain, and fever. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that suppresses gastric acid secretion by irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. This combination is used to manage pain and inflammation associated with conditions such as arthritis while simultaneously reducing the risk of NSAID-induced upper gastrointestinal ulcers or erosions by decreasing stomach acid production[3][4][7]. However, recent evidence suggests that while PPIs like pantoprazole reduce upper GI tract adverse events from NSAIDs, they may increase lower GI tract complications such as enteropathy[2][4].