INO-4800 + INO-9112

INO-4800 + INO-9112 is an investigational combination of two DNA-based immunotherapy products developed by Inovio Pharmaceuticals. INO-4800 is a DNA vaccine encoding the full-length SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spike protein designed to induce both antibody and T cell responses against the virus. INO-9112 contains plasmid DNA encoding human interleukin-12 (IL-12), which acts as an immune activator and adjuvant, intended to enhance vaccine-induced immune responses by promoting the expansion and function of T cells. The combination is delivered via intradermal or intramuscular injection followed by electroporation (EP), which enhances cellular uptake and expression of the genetic material. The INO-4800 + INO-9112 combination has been evaluated as an intradermal booster in adults previously immunized against SARS-CoV-2, and INO-9112 has also been investigated in combination with other vaccines (such as INO-1800 for hepatitis B). The primary indications studied have been COVID-19 (for INO-4800 + INO-9112) and chronic hepatitis B (specifically for INO-9112 as adjuvant with INO-1800)[1][2][3][6][7].