INO-5401

INO-5401 is a T-cell activating DNA immunotherapy developed for the treatment of cancer. It encodes multiple tumor-associated antigens, specifically human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), Wilms' tumor protein 1 (WT1), and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which are commonly overexpressed in various human cancers. By delivering genes encoding these antigens, INO-5401 is designed to stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against tumors expressing these targets. The drug is administered intramuscularly with electroporation to enhance cellular uptake and immune activation. Clinical studies have evaluated its use in combination with other immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., cemiplimab or atezolizumab) and standard treatments like radiation and temozolomide, particularly in glioblastoma multiforme and advanced bladder cancer[2][3][4][5][6][7].