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Drug intelligence / Profile preview
ino-9012
- Development stage
- Phase 2
- Lead developer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals
- Modality
- Prophylactic Vaccines → Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Gene Therapies, DNA Vaccines → Plasmid DNA → DNA Therapeutics → Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
- Administration
- Intramuscular, Intradermal
01
Overview
INO-9012 is a DNA-encoded interleukin-12 (IL-12) immunomodulator developed by INOVIO Pharmaceuticals. It consists of a DNA plasmid encoding the p35 and p40 subunits of human IL-12, a cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the activation and trafficking of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. INO-9012 is designed to be administered via electroporation (using the proprietary CELLECTRA device) to enhance cellular uptake and subsequent expression of IL-12 within the tumor microenvironment. It is primarily utilized as an immune activator in combination therapies, most notably with INO-5401 (a DNA vaccine targeting hTERT, WT1, and PSMA) and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as cemiplimab (Libtayo) or atezolizumab (Tecentriq). Clinical development has focused on aggressive malignancies including newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and advanced bladder cancer, where it aims to convert immunologically "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors to improve patient survival outcomes.
- Brand names
- INO-9012INO9012INO 9012
- Other names
- DNA-encoded IL-12 immunomodulatorpDNA IL-12
02
Targets
IL-12R (Interleukin-12 receptor)IL12 (Interleukin-12)
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