insulin + glutathione

**Insulin + glutathione** is a combination of two distinct agents: insulin, a peptide hormone that regulates glucose metabolism, and glutathione, a tripeptide acting primarily as an intracellular antioxidant. This combination has been investigated primarily in preclinical and experimental settings for its effects on oxidative stress, cellular antioxidant capacity, and metabolic modulation—especially relevant in diabetes and states of insulin resistance. Insulin restores hepatic glutathione levels and enhances glutathione synthesis rates in erythrocytes, increasing antioxidant defenses and decreasing lipid peroxidation markers. Glutathione, when co-administered, may further modulate cellular redox status, and, in conjunction with insulin (as well as with nitric oxide donors), increased insulin sensitivity has been observed in experimental models. The direct clinical use and standardized drug formulation of "insulin + glutathione" as a single marketed product does not appear to exist, but the combination is studied experimentally for metabolic and antioxidant effects[1][2][3][4].

Other names

intranasal insulin and glutathioneintranasal INS-GSH