insulin human

Insulin human inhalation powder is a rapid-acting, recombinant form of human insulin administered via oral inhalation. It is designed to improve glycemic control in adults with diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2). The drug works by replacing endogenous insulin to facilitate glucose uptake from the bloodstream into tissues and suppress hepatic glucose production. Delivered as a dry powder using a breath-powered device, it achieves peak serum concentrations much faster than subcutaneous regular human insulin—typically within 12–17 minutes—making it suitable for mealtime (prandial) glucose management. Clinical studies have shown that it provides noninferior HbA1c reduction compared to injectable prandial insulins in type 1 diabetes and superior HbA1c lowering versus placebo in type 2 diabetes. Common adverse effects include cough and throat irritation; hypoglycemia risk is present but may be lower than with some injectable insulins. Developed as an alternative for patients who prefer not to use injections or have injection phobia[1][3][5][8].

Brand names

Afrezza

Other names

human insulin inhalation powderinhaled insulinTechnosphere insulin