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Interferon alpha-n3 is a natural human interferon alpha product consisting of a multispecies mixture of interferon subtypes derived from human leukocytes. Nobel Pharmaceuticals, in collaboration with Hemispherx Biopharma (now AIM ImmunoTech), developed a low-dose oral lozenge formulation (LDO-IFN-alpha) specifically for the treatment of oral ulcers associated with Behçet's disease. The drug acts as an agonist at the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR), triggering the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to exert immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. In the context of Behçet's disease, this formulation is intended to reduce the frequency and severity of painful aphthous ulcers by modulating the localized immune response. Clinical development reached Phase II in Turkey, where randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were conducted to evaluate its safety and efficacy.
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