Interleukin-19

Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family, produced by both immune cells like macrophages and non-immune cells such as keratinocytes. It plays diverse roles in inflammation, cell development, viral responses, and lipid metabolism. IL-19 exerts its effects by binding to its specific receptors, including IL-20Rα, IL-20R1, and IL-20R2, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways such as STAT3, ERK, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT. Research indicates its involvement in several pathological conditions, including its elevation in adolescent-onset schizophrenia and acne vulgaris, its role in promoting solar UV-induced skin damage and carcinogenesis, and its contribution to bone loss by suppressing osteogenic differentiation and osteoprotegerin expression. IL-19 has also been identified as a promising theranostic target for glioblastoma due to its association with immunosuppression and tumor invasion, and its signaling is implicated in enhancing stemness and chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, IL-19 has been shown to exacerbate acute lung injury, promote eosinophil infiltration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and its gene delivery has demonstrated ameliorative effects in murine colitis. Enhancement of IL-19 signaling is also considered a potential treatment for liver fibrosis.

Other names

IL-19IL19IL 19