interleukin-4-inducing principle of Schistosoma mansoni eggs

Interleukin-4-inducing principle of Schistosoma mansoni eggs (IPSE), also known as alpha-1, is a major immunomodulatory glycoprotein secreted by the eggs of the parasitic flatworm *Schistosoma mansoni* (and its homolog H-IPSE from *Schistosoma haematobium*). IPSE acts as an immunoglobulin-binding factor with high affinity for IgE. By binding to IgE on the surface of basophils and mast cells, it triggers the release of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), promoting a T-helper 2 (Th2) anti-inflammatory response and the differentiation of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. Additionally, IPSE contains a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that allows it to function as an 'infiltrin,' translocating into host cell nuclei to modulate gene transcription. IPSE is being investigated in preclinical studies for its therapeutic potential in treating chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder pain/hypersensitivity, bacterial urinary tract infections, type 1 diabetes, and sepsis.

Other names

H-IPSEIPSEIPSE/alpha-1M-IPSEalpha-1alpha1alpha 1interleukin-4-inducing principle of Schistosoma eggsinterleukin4-inducing principle of Schistosoma eggsinterleukin 4-inducing principle of Schistosoma eggs