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IO103 acetate is a therapeutic peptide vaccine targeting Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an enzyme frequently overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment that contributes to immune suppression by depleting tryptophan and producing kynurenine. Developed by IO Biotech, IO103 consists of a peptide sequence derived from IDO1 designed to stimulate the expansion of IDO1-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. These activated T cells recognize and eliminate IDO1-expressing cells, including both malignant cells and immunosuppressive cells like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). IO103 is primarily investigated in combination with other immunotherapies, such as the PD-L1-targeting vaccine IO102 and checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab, to enhance anti-tumor efficacy in indications such as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and melanoma.
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