iodine

Iodine is an essential trace element and a small molecule used in medicine primarily as an antiseptic and as a nutritional supplement. It is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (such as thyroxine), which regulate metabolism and are vital for normal growth and neurological development[6][1]. Iodine is commonly applied topically to prevent infections in minor wounds or used in various formulations (e.g., povidone-iodine) for surgical site disinfection[8][1]. Orally or systemically, it treats or prevents iodine deficiency disorders such as goiter and hypothyroidism; it also protects the thyroid gland from radioactive iodide exposure during nuclear incidents[3][5]. Mechanistically, when ingested or administered systemically, it acts as a substrate for sodium/iodide cotransporters in the thyroid gland to support hormone synthesis[1]. Topical forms exert broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by disrupting microbial proteins. Iodine has also been studied for use in fibrocystic breast disease and certain cancers[1].

Brand names

SclerodineVitafol-oneXylocaine With Epinephrine

Other names

molecular iodineelemental iodinetincture of iodineLugol's iodine