ipratropium bromide + prednisolone + salbutamol

This is a combination drug consisting of three active pharmaceutical ingredients: - **Ipratropium bromide** is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that acts as a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, leading to bronchodilation and reduced bronchial secretions. - **Salbutamol** (also known as albuterol) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in rapid bronchodilation. - **Prednisolone** is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. The combination of these agents may be used in the management of acute exacerbations of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly when rapid improvement in airway obstruction and inflammation is required. Clinical studies have shown that combining ipratropium bromide and salbutamol produces greater improvements in lung function than either agent alone, while the addition of prednisolone can provide further benefit by reducing airway inflammation, especially in patients with asthma[1][7]. This triple therapy targets different mechanisms involved in airway obstruction—bronchospasm (via β2 agonism and anticholinergic action) and inflammation (via corticosteroid effect).