isobutyl nitrite

**Isobutyl nitrite** is a small molecule alkyl nitrite compound with the chemical formula C4H9NO2 and structure (CH3)2CH-CH2-ONO. It acts as a vasodilator by spontaneously releasing nitric oxide (NO), which activates soluble guanylate cyclase, increases cyclic GMP levels, and causes relaxation of smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels. Historically noted in the late 1890s by physician Thomas Lauder Brunton for vasodilating effects similar to amyl nitrite, it was never developed as a clinical therapeutic alternative. Isobutyl nitrite became primarily known as a recreational inhalant drug, commonly referred to as 'poppers,' and was sold under street brand names such as 'Rush' and 'Gold Rush,' often marketed as room odorizers or air fresheners. It has also been used as a component of cyanide poisoning antidote packages, where nitrites induce methemoglobin formation to sequester cyanide. Due to carcinogenic concerns arising from animal studies, isobutyl nitrite has been banned in the European Union since 2007 and in the United States since 1990. No pharmaceutical company is currently developing it as a therapeutic agent.

Brand names

RushGold Rush

Other names

2-methylpropyl nitriteisobutyl nitritepoppers