Isoxazole-9

**Isoxazole-9 (ISX-9)** is a synthetic small molecule (C11H10N2O2S, CAS 832115-62-5) that promotes adult neurogenesis by inducing neuronal differentiation in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) within the hippocampal dentate gyrus subgranular zone. It triggers intracellular calcium release via NMDA receptor GluN2B subunits and L-type calcium channels, activating CaMKII signaling, histone acetylation, and NeuroD1 expression to drive progenitor cells toward a neuronal phenotype while inhibiting astrocyte proliferation. In preclinical models, systemic administration (e.g., 20 mg/kg i.p.) crosses the blood-brain barrier, enhances dendritic complexity, improves spatial memory, reduces methamphetamine-seeking reinstatement by modulating granule cell neuron activation, and promotes keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) secretion from mesenchymal stem cells via NGFR/ERK/β-catenin pathways for acute lung injury alleviation. It also serves as a GPR68 ligand and Wnt/β-catenin activator via Axin targeting.[1][2][3][5][6][10][11]

Other names

N-cyclopropyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamideN-cyclopropyl-5-(2-thienyl)-3-isoxazolecarboxamide