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JZQ-B4 CAR T cells are an experimental chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy designed to target Mesothelin (MSLN), a cell-surface glycoprotein overexpressed in several solid malignancies, including mesothelioma, lung, and ovarian cancers. The CAR construct utilizes a high-affinity single-domain antibody (VHH or nanobody) binder, JZQ-B4, which was derived from immunized alpacas and demonstrates cross-reactivity with both human and mouse MSLN. This cross-species reactivity allows for the evaluation of on-target, off-tumor toxicities in preclinical mouse models. While the parental JZQ-B4 CAR T cells exhibit potent antitumor activity, research has shown that their high affinity can lead to lethal systemic toxicity by targeting normal tissues with low MSLN expression. Consequently, JZQ-B4 serves as a scaffold for affinity-tuning strategies to improve the safety profile of MSLN-targeted cellular therapies.
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