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K562-mb-IL15-41BBL activated and expanded NK cells are an adoptive cell therapy product consisting of Natural Killer (NK) cells that have been stimulated and proliferated *ex vivo*. The manufacturing process utilizes a genetically modified K562 leukemia cell line as "feeder cells," which have been engineered to express membrane-bound Interleukin-15 (mbIL15) and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL; CD137L). These two signals are crucial: mbIL15 promotes the survival and expansion of NK cells, while 4-1BBL provides a potent costimulatory signal that enhances their cytotoxic activity and longevity. This expansion method can produce a high yield of pure, highly active NK cells from either autologous (patient-derived) or allogeneic (donor-derived) sources. Once infused into the patient, these expanded NK cells target malignant cells through a variety of activating receptors (such as NKG2D and natural cytotoxicity receptors) and can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) if combined with monoclonal antibodies. This therapy is primarily being investigated for the treatment of hematologic malignancies like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and various solid tumors.
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