kava

Kava is a botanical extract derived from the roots of the *Piper methysticum* plant, native to the South Pacific. It is widely utilized as a dietary supplement and traditional medicine for its anxiolytic, sedative, and muscle-relaxant properties. The primary bioactive constituents are a group of lactones known as kavalactones, including kavain, dihydrokavain, and methysticin. These compounds exert their effects through several mechanisms, most notably the positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A receptors, which enhances inhibitory neurotransmission. Additionally, kavalactones inhibit voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels and provide reversible inhibition of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). While effective for managing mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders, kava has been subject to regulatory scrutiny and temporary bans in various jurisdictions due to reports of potential hepatotoxicity.

Brand names

LaitanKava-GulapaAntaresKavasedon

Other names

Piper methysticumKava-kavaAvaYaqonaSakauIntoxicating Pepper