ketamine + ketorolac

Ketamine + ketorolac is a combination of two pharmaceutical agents used primarily for enhanced analgesia and anesthesia. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, producing profound analgesia and anesthesia with minimal respiratory depression. It also has some sympathomimetic effects, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure[9]. Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that provides analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects by non-selectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis[5][7]. When combined, these drugs have been shown to produce synergistic effects in terms of both the onset and duration of anesthesia as well as the degree of analgesia. This combination may be used in perioperative settings or for acute pain management where opioid-sparing strategies are desired[4]. The mixture leverages the central action of ketamine with the peripheral action of ketorolac for improved efficacy.