l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester

L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (LLME) is a synthetic dipeptide and small molecule with immunomodulatory activity. It acts as a lysosomotropic agent, entering cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once inside lysosomes, LLME undergoes condensation catalyzed by dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI), leading to the formation of products that cause lysosomal rupture and DNA fragmentation in DPPI-expressing immune cells such as cytotoxic T-cells and natural killer cells. This selective cytotoxicity has been explored for depleting cytotoxic lymphocytes to reduce the incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, LLME may augment antibody production when used in pretreatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by interfering with gene expression of inflammatory factors[1][4][5][6].

Other names

L-Leucine, L-leucyl-, methyl esterleucylleucine methyl ester