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LA-SN38 is a *lipophilic prodrug of SN-38*, created by covalently linking the unsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid (LA) to SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. This modification enhances the hydrophobicity and enables highly efficient encapsulation into PEGylated liposomes, resulting in improved tumor cell uptake, prolonged systemic circulation, and decreased clearance by macrophages. LA-SN38 displays higher cytotoxicity and antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer cell lines and xenograft models compared to conventional SN-38 or CPT-11 (irinotecan), with reduced systemic toxicity. Mechanistically, LA-SN38 acts as a precursor, releasing SN-38, which inhibits *DNA topoisomerase I* and thereby interferes with DNA replication in tumor cells, promoting S-phase cell death[2].
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