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Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota (LcS) is a specific probiotic bacterial strain discovered by Dr. Minoru Shirota in 1930. [1, 7] It is developed and marketed by the Japanese company Yakult Honsha, primarily in its signature fermented milk beverage, Yakult. [1] The strain, which has been reclassified from *Lactobacillus casei* to *Lacticaseibacillus paracasei* strain Shirota, is known for its ability to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract and reach the intestines alive. [2, 11] Its primary mechanism of action is modulating the gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful bacteria. [6, 16] LcS has been extensively researched for various health benefits, including improving gastrointestinal function, relieving constipation, modulating immune responses (such as NK cell activity), and preserving gut microbiota diversity. [6, 14] It is recognized as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is under investigation in clinical trials for conditions like Parkinson's disease, vestibular migraine, and stress-related abdominal dysfunction. [11]
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