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Lactobacillus brevis NES-428 is a novel probiotic bacterial strain isolated from kimchi, currently under preclinical investigation by EsgelBio Co. and Korea University for the treatment of autoimmune hyperthyroidism, specifically Graves' disease. The strain acts as an immunomodulator by shifting the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance; it downregulates pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) while upregulating anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines like interleukin-4 (IL-4). In murine models of Graves' disease, oral administration of NES-428 has demonstrated the ability to reduce serum thyroxine (T4) levels, restore body weight gain, and normalize thyroid follicular architecture. The strain shares 99% 16S-rRNA identity with Lactobacillus brevis reference strains.
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