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*Lactobacillus johnsonii NSP009* is a specific strain of the probiotic species *Lactobacillus johnsonii*, a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium that naturally inhabits the human and animal gastrointestinal tract[1][10]. This NSP009 strain is used experimentally and in dietary supplements for its health-promoting properties, particularly for gut health and immunomodulation[5][9]. It acts primarily by producing lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, which help inhibit pathogenic bacteria, modulate immune responses, enhance epithelial barrier function, and may mitigate inflammation and infection[1][2][5]. NSP009, as studied in synbiotic formulations, has shown synergistic effects with β-glucan in ameliorating colitis by regulating gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal barrier homeostasis[5][9]. Its mechanism of action involves antimicrobial activity via acidification and H₂O₂ production, competitive inhibition of pathogens such as *Helicobacter pylori*, and supporting gut mucosal integrity[1][2][3][5]. The strain is under investigation as part of dietary supplements and functional foods for digestive tract pathologies, with translational potential into precision medicine in gastrointestinal diseases[2][5].
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