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**Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136** is a specific probiotic bacterial strain isolated from the feces of a healthy young Tibetan girl, identified for its beneficial effects on gut health and systemic disease modulation. This live biotherapeutic product belongs to the genus Lactobacillus and has been studied for its ability to reduce serum uric acid levels by inhibiting hepatic xanthine oxidase and promoting renal ABCG2 transporter expression (lowering uric acid accumulation), ameliorate kidney and liver damage in hyperuricemic rodent models, reconstruct gut microbiota, and attenuate intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction induced by high-altitude hypoxic stress. Additionally, *L. johnsonii* YH1136 shows potential to alleviate schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice via modulation of the microbiota–gut–brain axis, affecting neurotransmitter metabolism and neurotrophic signaling. Its mechanisms are primarily through reshaping the gut microbiota, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, restoring tight junction protein expression, modulating immune response, and interacting with host signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin and tryptophan metabolism pathways[1][2][3][4][5][6].
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